Arcadia, Greece

University of Arizona
Thirty-Ninth Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities, Tripolis
University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology

Ancient Testimonia

Field Seasons

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Overview

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Area Map

Sanctuary
Plan

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Literary
References

Lykaion Games

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and Exhibits

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Jump to: Achaeus Aelian Alcman Ampelius Anonymous Apollodorus Aratus Aristotle Augustine Avienus Callimachus Calpurnius Cicero Claudian Columella Dionysius of Halicarnassus Dionysius Periegeta Dioscorides Donatus Euripides Herodotus Hesiod Himerius Horace [Hyginus] Isidore Justin Leonidas of Tarentum Livy [Lycophron] Nonnus Ovid Parian Marble Pausanias Pindar Plato Pliny Plutarch Polemon Polyaenus Polybius Porphyry Sidonius Apollinaris Solinus Statius Strabo Theocritus Thucydides Valerius Flaccus Virgil Xenophon

Jump to: Geography or Building Descriptions | History of Mt. Lykaion and Area | Human Sacrifice | Hymns to Zeus | Lupercalia Connections at Rome | Lykaion Games | Myths and Magical Occurrences | Poetic Literary References

Sorted by Author:

Achaeus of Eretria, Azanes

Aelian, On the Nature of Animals

  • 11.6 (Shrine of Pan)

Alcman, Hymn to Lykaian Zeus

L. Ampelius, Liber Memorialis

  • 9.1 (The number and origins of the Jupiters)

Anonymous

Apollodorus, Library and Epitome

  • 3.8.1 (Human sacrifice)

Aratus, Phaenomena

Aristotle

St. Augustine, City of God

  • 18.17 (Human sacrifice, lycanthropy)

Avienus, Aratea

  • 105 (transformation of Callisto)

Callimachus, Hymn to Zeus

Calpurnius Siculus, Bucolica

Cicero, On the Nature of the Gods

  • 3.53-57 (Birth of Jupiter and Apollo in Arcadia)

Claudius Claudianus

    Panegyric on the Fourth Consulship of Emperor Honorius
  • 461-483 (defeat of Alaric in Arcadia)
    Panegyric on the Sixth Consulship of Emperor Honorius
  • 198-200 (Lykaian Pan)
    Panegyric on the Consulship of Stilicho
  • 1.181-187 (defeat of Alaric in Arcadia)

Columella, On Farming

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities

  • 1.32.3-5 (Lupercalia connection)
  • 1.80 (Lupercalia connection)

Dionysius Periegeta

Dioscorides, de Materia Medica

Donatus, Vergilian Interpretations

Euripides

    Electra
  • 1274 (Orestes banished to Arcadia)

Herodotus, The History

  • 4.203 (Lykaian Zeus at Cyrene)

Hesiod, The Astronomy

Himerius, Orations

  • 5.3 (Alcman's Hymn to Lykaian Zeus)

Horace, Odes

[Hyginus]

    Poetica Astronomica
  • 2.1 (Callisto)
  • 2.4 (Lycaon and Callisto)
    Fables
  • 176 (Lycaon)
  • 177 (Temple of Olympian Zeus)

Isidore, Etymologies

Justin, Epitome of Pompeius Trogus

Leonidas of Tarentum

Livy, History of Rome

  • 1.5 (Lupercalia connection)

[Lycophron], Alexandra

  • 478-485 (Arcadians and lycanthropy)

Nonnus, Dionysiaca

Ovid

Parian Marble

  • A'17 (Festival of Lykaian Zeus)

Pausanias, Description of Greece

  • 4.22.7 (Stele in the temenos of Zeus)
  • 6.8.2 (Damarchos' lycanthropy)
  • 8.2.1 (Founding of Lykosoura)
  • 8.2.6 (Werewolf myth)
  • 8.27.3-6 (Lykaion in the synoecism of Megalopolis)
  • 8.30.2-3 (Megalopolis: Sanctuary of Lykaian Zeus)
  • 8.36.3 (Rhea's Cave)
  • 8.38.2 (Cretea)
  • 8.38.3-4 (Spring and rain magic)
  • 8.38.5 (Sanctuary of Pan)
  • 8.38.6 (Temenos of Zeus)
  • 8.38.7 (Ash altar of Zeus)
  • 8.53.11 (Altars of Pan & Lykaian Zeus near Tegea)

Pindar

    Nemean Odes
  • 10.45ff. (Theaios' ancestors)

[Plato], Minos

  • 315c (Human sacrifice)

Plato, Republic

  • 565d (Cannibalism, lycanthropy)

Pliny, Natural History

  • 4.21 (Mountains of Arcadia)
  • 7.205 (First gymnastic games)
  • 8.34 (Lycanthropy of Demaenetus)

Plutarch

    The Lives
  • Antony 12.1 (Lupercalia)
  • Aratus 36.1 (Defeat near Lykaion)
  • Cleomenes 5.1 (Victory near Lykaion)
  • Julius Caesar 61.1ff (Lupercalia connection)
  • Romulus 21.3 (Lupercalia)
    Moralia
  • Greek Questions 39 (The abaton and those who enter)
  • Roman Questions 68 (Lupercalia)

Polemon, On the Heracleids at Thebes

Polyaenus, Stratagems

  • 4.7.9 (Battle near Lykaion)

Polybius, Histories

  • 2.4 (Battle near Lykaion)
  • 4.33 (Aristocrates and the stele by the altar of Zeus)
  • 7.13 (citation of Plato on sacrifices)
  • 16.12.7 (Temenos of Zeus)

Porphyry, On Abstinence from Killing Animals

  • 2.27 (History of sacrificial acts)

Sidonius Apollinaris, Carmina

Solinus, Collection of Memorable Things

Statius

Strabo, Geography

  • 4.6.12 (Citation of Polybius on mountains)
  • 8.3.22 (Source of the Neda)
  • 8.8.2 (Temple of Lykaian Zeus)
  • 8.8.3 (Famous mountains)

Theocritus, Idylls

  • 1.123 with scholia (Oracle of Pan, sterile animals)

Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War

  • 5.16.3 (Pleistoanax' house in the hieron)
  • 5.54.1-2 (Spartans near Lykaion)

Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica

Virgil

Xenophon, Anabasis

  • 1.2.10 (celebration of the Lykaian games while on campaign)

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Sorted by Subject:

Geography or Building Descriptions

History of Mt. Lykaion and Area
(
Click here for these testimonia in a 20k .pdf)

Human Sacrifice

Hymns to Zeus

Lupercalia Connections at Rome

Lykaion Games

Myths and Magical Occurrences

Poetic Literary References

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